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The Chiropractic
Doctors' Association of Hong Kong
| Vitamin Functions and Safety |
| Name | Functions | NOAEL
No Observed Adverse Effect Level |
LOAEL
Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level |
| Vitamin A |
Promotes growth and repair of body tissues, bone formation and healthy skin and hair. Essential for night vision. |
10,000 IU (3,000g retinol Equivalents) |
21,600 IU (6,500g Retinol Equivalents) |
| Beta-carotene |
Serves as an antioxidant and may help protect against certain cancers, cataracts and heart disease. Converted to vitamin A in the body. |
25 mg |
None established |
| Vitamin D |
Aids in the absorbtion of calcium and helps to build bone mass and prevent bone loss. Helps maintain blood levels of calcium and phosphorous. |
800 IU (20g) |
2,000 IU (50g) |
| Vitamin E |
Helps protect cells from free radical injury. Serves as an antioxidant and may help protect against heart disease, cataracts, and certain cancers. Needed for normal growth and development. |
1,200 IU (800 mg-TE |
None established |
Vitamin K
(phylloquinone) |
Needed for normal blood clotting and bone health. |
30 mg |
None established |
| Vitamin C |
Promotes healthy cell development, wound healing, and resistance to infections. Serves as an antioxidant and may help protect against certain cancers, cataracts, and heart disease. |
More than 1,000 mg (perhaps as high as 10,000 mg) |
None established |
Thiamin
(B1) |
Essential for converting carbohydrates to energy. Needed for normal functioning of the nervous system and muscles, including the heart muscle. |
50 mg |
None established |
Riboflavin
(B2) |
Helps in red blood cell formation, nervous system functioning, and release of energy from foods. Needed for vision and may help against cataracts. |
200 mg |
None established |
| Nicotinic Acid |
Promotes release of energy from foods and proper nervous system functioning. High intakes can lower elevated cholesterol. |
500 mg (250 mg slow release) |
1,000 mg (500 mg slow release) |
| Nicotinamide |
Promotes release of energy from foods and proper nervous system functioning. |
1,500 mg |
3,000 mg |
Pyridoxine
(B6) |
Essential for protein metabolism, nervous system, and immune function. Involved in synthesis of hormones and red blood cells. |
200 mg |
500 mg |
| Folic Acid |
Needed for normal growth and development and red blood cell formation. Reduces risk of neural tube bith defects. May reduce risk of heart disease and cervical dysplasia. |
1,000g |
None established |
| Vitamin B12 |
Vital for blood formation and healthy nervous system. |
3,000g |
None established |
| Biotin |
Assists in the metabolism of fatty acids and utilization of B-vitamins. |
2,500g |
None established |
| Pantothenic Acid |
Aids in normal growth and development. |
1,000 mg |
None established |
| Mineral Functions and Safety |
| Name | Functions | NOAEL
No Observed Adverse Effect Level |
LOAEL
Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level |
| Calcium |
Essential for developing and maintaining healthy bones and teeth. Assists in blood clotting, muscle contraction and nerve transmission. Reduces risk of osteoporosis, and may also reduce the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women. |
1,500 mg |
More than 2,500 mg |
| Phosphorus |
Works with calcium to develop and maintain strong bones and teeth. Enhances use of other nutrients. Essential for energy metabolism, DNA structure, and cell membranes. |
1,500 mg |
More than 2,500 mg |
| Magnesium |
Activates nearly 100 enzymes and helps nerves and muscles function. |
700 mg |
None established |
| Copper |
Involved in iron metabolism, nervous system functioning, bone health, and synthesis of proteins. Plays a role in the pigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes. |
9 mg |
None established |
| Chromium (III) |
Aids in glucose metabolism and may help diabetics regulate blood sugar and insulin levels. |
1,000g |
None established |
| Iodine |
Part of the thyroid hormone. Helps regulate growth, development and energy metabolism. |
1,000g |
None established |
| Iron |
Necessary for red blood cell formation and function. Amount needed is higher in women of child bearing age. |
65 mg |
100 mg |
| Manganese |
Necessary for normal development of the skeletal and connective tissues. Involved in metabolism of carbohydrates. |
10 mg |
None established |
| Molybdenum |
Needed for metabolism of DNA and RNA, and production of uric acid. |
350 g |
None established |
| Selenium |
Essential component of a key antioxidant enzyme. Necessary for normal growth and development and for use of iodine in thyroid function. May reduce risk of certain cancers. |
200 g |
900g |
| Zinc |
Essential part of more than 100 enzymes involved in digestion, metabolism, reproduction, and wound healing. |
30 mg |
60 mg |
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